16. Environment--friendly swine feed formulation to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus
excretion.
Honeyman,-M.S.
Am-J-altern-agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture.
1993. v. 8 (3) p. 128-132.
NAL Call Number: DNAL S605.5.A43
Descriptors: pigs. feed-formulation. excreta. nutrient-content.
environmental-impact.
nitrogen. phosphorus.
Abstract: The nutrient composition of swine excreta can be altered by manipulating
the composition of the
pig's diet. Several approaches are reviewed--feeding according to the pig's growth phase,
formulation
according to the feed's digestible amino acids, use of crystalline amino acids, the ideal protein
approach, formulation according to available phosphorus, and the addition of phytase enzymes.
Each has the potential to lower nitrogen or phosphorus excretion levels. Together they can
dramatically
reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of swine manure, which could be a major
advantage
in regions with a high density of swine or for swine operations with limited access to arable
land. However, the value of the swine manure would be much less as a fertilizer because these
two
elements are important plant nutrients.
17. Environmental nutrition: nutrient management strategies to reduce nutrient excretion of
swine.
Kornegay,-E.T.; Harper,-A.F.
Prof-anim-sci. Champaign, Il : American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists, [Sept
1997. v. 13 (3) p. 99-111.
URL: Note: Online version: URL: http://www.arpas.uiuc.edu/pas/pas.html
NAL Call Number: DNAL SF51.P76
Descriptors: pigs. pig-manure. mineral-nutrition. dietary-protein.
nutrient-requirements. nitrogen-metabolism.
18. Enzyme applications for monogastric feeds: a review.
Campbell,-G.L.; Bedford,-M.R.
Can-j-anim-sci. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada, Sept 1992. v. 72 (3) p. 449-466.
NAL Call Number: DNAL 41.8-C163
Descriptors: poultry. pigs. feeds. enzymes. beta-glucanase. phytase. phytates.
pentosans.
beta-glucan. pentosanases.
19. Evaluation of chemical amendments to reduce ammonia volatilization from poultry
litter.
Moore,-P.A.-Jr.; Daniel,-T.C.; Edwards,-D.R.; Miller,-D.M.
Poultry-sci. Savoy, IL : Poultry Science Association, Inc. Mar 1996. v. 75 (3) p. 315-320.
NAL Call Number: DNAL 47.8-Am33P
Descriptors: poultry-manure. ammonia. volatility. aluminum-sulfate.
ferrous-sulfate. silicates. phosphorus. ph. nitrogen-content. production-costs.
cost-benefit-analysis. runoff-water. total-inorganic-nitrogen.
Abstract: Ammonia volatilization from poultry litter often causes high levels of
atmospheric ammonia in
poultry houses, which is detrimental to both farm workers and birds. Ammonia emissions from
houses
also aggravate environmental problems, such as acid rain, and result in a loss of fertilizer
nitrogen. The
objectives of this study were to determine the effect of litter amendments on ammonia
volatilization and
to determine the effect of these amendments on nitrogen and phosphorus content in litter. The
results of
this research indicate that alum, ferrous sulfate, and phosphoric
acid dramatically reduce ammonia volatilization from litter. The amount of ammonia lost from
litter treated sodium bisulfate and a proprietary product made of Ca-Fe silicate with a
phosphoric acid coating was not different from the control (untreated litter). Aluminum sulfate
(alum)
and ferrous sulfate reduced water soluble P concentrations in litter, whereas phosphoric acid
greatly
increased water-soluble P levels. The most effective compound evaluated with respect to
reducing both
ammonia loss and P solubility was alum.